Terrecotta wheels, toys, figurines, pottery. Banerjee discovered Mohenjodaro or ‘Mound of the Dead’ (on Indus… Harappa in western Punjab, near river Ravi 2. have also been found. It was a major urban centre during its mature phase surrounded by extensive walls. It is a site of almost the same size as Mahenjodaro. There is another site Bara near Ropar, which shows an evidence of the decaying culture of pre harappan era. Harappa also is the only site which yields the evidence of coffin burial. Alamgirpur is located in Meerut in Uttar Pradesh and is considered to be easternmost boundary of Indus Valley. Its location along old course of Ravi provided access to trade networks, aquatic food and water for drinking and cultivation. Mohenjodaro (one of the major sites, near river Indus in Sindh) was discovered by R. D. Banerjee in 1922. Further, this site was different from Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro in the following respects: Due to these, Kalibangan is not considered a well planned city as comparable to other important sites of Indus Valley. Indus Valley civilization is now considered as a continuation of the neolithic Mehrgarh culture which flourished between 7000BC to 5000BC. R.D. Mohenjodaro in Sindh, near river Indus 3. The forms of art found from various sites of civilisation include sculptures, seals, pottery, gold … Introduction - Indus Valley Civilization Indus Valley Civilization is also known as Harappan Civilization because Harappa was the first site to be excavated in 1921 under the supervision of Daya Ram Sahni. The script of the Indus Valley Civilization is A. Kharosthi B. Undeciphered C. Brahmi D. Tamil. Absence of temples of special places of worship except few altars at some sites. The ruins of the site … Lothal, the dockyard site of the Indus Valley Civilization, is situated in A. Gujarat B. Punjab C. Pakistan D. Haryana. It was a major urban centre during its mature phase surrounded by extensive walls. Mohenjo-Daro (mound of dead) was excavated by a team led by R.D. Bhagatrav is located in Bharuch district of Gujarat along the Arabian Sea coast and seems to have remained an important port of the Indus valley. Due to this, Harappa remained occupied for a long time. The conclusion has been drawn up that Suktagendor had trade relationships with Babylon. Rangpur is located 50 kms from Ahmadabad in Gujarat. What were the main characteristics of the Indus Valley Civilization? The city was divided into six sections and each section was built on a wide platform of unripe bricks. It is located in the Larkana District of Sindh Pakistan on bank of Indus River. Ropar in Punjab was excavated under Y D Sharma. are important findings of Kalibangan. A) Surkotada done clear. It was located on the banks of now dried up Sarwaswati River; and flourished for at least 5 centuries. Astha Dibyopama, Yong Jun Kim, Chang Seok Oh, Dong Hoon Shin , Vasant Shinde, 2015, Archaeological Survey of India Publication:Indian Archaeology 1963-64 A Review. Know about Indus Valley Civilization or Harappa Civilization. This apart, the two rows of granaries with brick platforms, a citadel on elevated platform, a supposed workmen’s quarter, vanity case, furnaces, crucibles for bronze smelting etc. [6][7] More than 50 IVC burial sites have been found, main sites among those are Rakhigarhi (first site with genetic testing), Sanauli, Farmana, Kalibangan, Lothal, Dholavira, Mehrgarh, Harappa, and Mohenjo-daro.[8]. In 1920s, the Archaeological Department of India carried out excavations in the Indus valley wherein the ruins of the two old cities, viz. Kalibangan in Ganganagar, near river Ghaggar 6. Built around 2500 BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation, and one of the world’s earliest major cities, contemporaneous with the civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Minoan Crete, and Norte Chico. Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro and Dholavira are called the nucleus cities of the civilization. The oldest site of Indus Valley Civilization, … In terms … [2] The oldest site of Indus Valley Civilization, Bhirrana[4] and the largest site, Rakhigarhi[5] are located in Indian state of Haryana. A large building complex, unicorn seal, shell bangles, beads, copper bangles, needles, antimony rods, steatite micro beads; pottery include large and medium size jars, beaker, dishes, dish-on-stand, perforated jars etc. Some people call Indus Valley people as Proto-Dravidians, who might have been pushed to south in mature Harappan phase when Aryans, with their advanced military skills commenced their migration around 2000BC. The Indus Valley Civilization was established around 3300 BC. This along with Lothal are two sites where rice husk has been found by archaeologists. R.B. Also known as Parasaram-ka-khera, this settlement along the Yamuna River existed from 3300 BC to 1300 BC from the Harappan-Bara period. The floor was made up of bricks. This civilization is known with these three names-Indus Civilization; Indus Valley Civilization; Harappa Civilization; More than 1000 sites were found of this Civilization. A common script which remains undeciphered so far. 28. The Indus civilisation started almost 5,000 years ago. So far nearly 1000 sites of nearly, mature and late phases of the Indus Civilization... Kalibangan (Sothi culture). The Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilization or Harappan Civilization was the culmination of a long and sustained cultural evolution in the Indus Valley and surrounding areas. Its westernmost point was Suktagendor in South Baluchistan while easternmost point was Alamgirpur in Meerut district of Uttar Pradesh. Hoevwer mace was always made of stone. Indus Valley Civilization Ancient India History Notes for APSC, UPSC & other Exams. Basic Facts about Indus Valley Civilization: Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization that thrived along the course of Indus River in North-Western part of Indian subcontinent. Important findings of Lothal include an artificial dockyard {which makes it an important sea link}, rice husk {rice husk has been found only at Lothal and Rangpur}, bead making factory etc. The water for the bath was provided from a well in an adjacent room. The evidence of residence outside a Citadel have been found in Mittathal. Important findings of Alamgirpur include pottery, plant fossils, animal bones and copper tools. The civilization was first identified in 1921 at Harappa in the Punjab region and then in 1922 at Mohenjo-daro (Mohenjodaro), near the Indus River in the Sindh (Sind) region. Equidistant from both Harappa and Mohenjodaro, it is near a dry bed of the former Ghaggar River. Lothal in Ahmedabad, near river Sabarmati 7. It is relatively a new discovery, excavated in 1990s by a team led by R S Bisht. Lothal is located in Ahmadabad, Gujarat. Production of shell bangles, semi-precious beads, etc. The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Nov 22, 2014 - Explore The Made It Mum's board "Indus Valley civilisation", followed by 577 people on Pinterest. Town Planning. Earliest Pre-Harappan site, Copper smelting. Excavations at Shikarpur, Gujarat 2008-2009. Ceramic artifacts, including bowls. The Indus Valley Civilization covered parts of Sind, Baluchistan, Afganistan, West Punjab, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Maharashtra. The ruins of Mohenjo-daro were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1980. It is a 6×12 meter specimen of beautiful brick work. It is located in Punjab Province, Pakistan, on an old bank / bed of the River Ravi. Two archaeological sites found to define Indus valley civilization… It may have been the third major center in the IVC as it is near to the copper-rich mines in Rajasthan. The system the Indus developed and managed included a number of advanced features. High quality barley has been found at Banawali. Bangles of clay, Westernmost known site of IVC, Fortification bastion few houses foundations, At 100 hectares, this has the potential to be another city, This page was last edited on 19 January 2021, at 14:53. Indus Valley Civilization is spread across hundreds of sites and it had numerous inventions … Indus Valley Civilization Sites INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION SITES. The civilization was flourish mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia. Due to this, Harappa remained occupied for a long time. A tar is the major object found here. Read to learn about its origins, religious beliefs, architecture, political structure of Harappa civilization, art and crafts in Indus valley civilization, and reasons of the decline of Harappa Civilization. Further, Harappa was also a meeting point of trade routes coming from east. [3] Only 40 sites are located on the river Indus and its tributaries and around 1,100 (80%) sites sites are located on the plains between rivers Ganges and Indus. The most famous building found at Mohenjo-Daro is a great bath. Rangpur in Ahmedabad, near river Meedar 5. This map shows a cluster of Indus Valley Civilization cities and excavation sites along the course of the Indus River in Pakistan. The bricks in other sites were baked ones, while Kalibangan bricks are earthen ones. There was no drainage system in Kalibangan. Over 1400 Indus Valley Civilization sites have been discovered, of which 925 sites are in India and 475 sites in Pakistan, while some sites in Afghanistan are believed to be trading colonies. A sculpture of a bronze chariot, 45 cm long and 16 cm wide, yoked to two oxen, driven by a man 16 cm high standing in it; and three other bronze sculptures. Most of them are of copper and Bronze. A typical example is the city of Lothal (c. 2350 BCE) in Gujarat, India. It was a coastal town {three important coastal towns of IVC are Lothal, Suktagendor and Balakot} and had different type of town planning. Go to History Notes & Study Materials Page. Figure of chariot tied to a pair of bullocks and driven by a nude human, Water harvesting and number of reservoirs, use of rocks for constructions, Largest burial site of IVC, with 65 burials, found in India. The site gives evidences of rise, flourishing and fall of Harappa civilization. The overall period assigned to Indus Valley Civilization is 3300–1300 BC, with its mature period between 2600 to 1900 BC. Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area stretching from northeast Afghanistan, through much of Pakistan, and into western and northwestern India. View Solution play_arrow; question_answer29) In which of the following Indus Valley sites, the cemetery R … Name the oldest Indian civilization. Proper Town planning in all Indus valley cites except few such as Kalibangan. Alamgirpur is another prominent archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization in Uttar Pradesh’s Meerut district. There are also no remains of great statues of kings or gods. Presence of residential and non-residential buildings. The Indus Valley civilisation left no temples or tombs, like the Pyramids of Egypt. D) Balakot done clear. Pottery of wheels and bead making industries. The important material findings at Harappa include pottery, chert blades, copper or bronze implements, terracotta figurines, seals and sealing, weights, etc. Notable findings at Mohenjo-Daro are the magnum opus Great Bath, uniform buildings and weights, hidden drains and other hallmarks of the civilization. This is the site where most unicorn seals have been found. Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Maharaja Sayyajirao University, Baroda. As of a Report in 2008, over 1000 Indus Valley Civilization sites have been discovered, of which 406 sites are in Pakistan and 616 sites in India, while some sites in … A copper bullock cart is another notable finding. It flourished in the basins of the Indu… The ruins of Mohenjodaro were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1980. It had several large reservoirs, an elaborate system of drains to collect water from the city walls and house tops to fill these water tanks. It is located in Punjab Province, Pakistan, on an old bank / bed of the River Ravi. This city was destructed by Force or some fire. Indus Valley Civilization was the largest among the four ancient civilizations of the world. More than 90% of the inscribed objects and seals discovered were found at ancient urban centres along the Indus river in Pakistan, mainly Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. Only 40 sites are located on the river Indus and its tributaries and around 1,100 sites sites are located on the plains between rivers Ganges and Indus. It started declining around 1900 BC and disappeared around 1400 BC. Entry to the houses were on Main Street while other sites of IVC have lateral entry. It was originally a port and later cut off from the sea due to coastal upliftment. This civilization was largest of the four ancient urban civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, South Asia and China and covered an area of around 1.3 million square kilometers. Indus Valley Civilization Sites. Large site, partially excavated. Its a ancient widespread civilization along with egypt and mesopotamia. Mittathal is located in the Bhiwani district of Haryana. B) Sutkagen Dor done clear. Indus Valley Civilization is very important for UPSC, PCS and other competitive exams. Archaeological Survey of India.Page 19. Harappa was discovered by Dayaram Sahni in 1921. Over 1000 Indus Valley Civilization sites have been discovered. A terracotta cartwheel has been found. India Archaeology 1976-77, A Review. 29. It’s not easy to connect the archaeological finds with their respective Harappan cities. This is a List of Indus Valley Civilization discoveries. As the three of the world’s civilizations developed along the river banks {Egyptian on Nile, Mesopotamian on Tigris–Euphrates, Chinese on the Yangtse}, the Indus valley civilization developed on bank of Indus and several other nearby rivers such as Ghaggar– Hakra, the now dried up Saraswati and the Drasadvati. The Indus Valley Civilization in Asia shows early evidence of public water supply and sanitation. Find out about different cities in the Indus Valley. Statues of bull and mother goddess are other things found in Kot diji. Both sites are in present-day Pakistan, in Punjab and Sindh provinces, respectively. An alternative term for the culture is Saraswati- Sindhu civilization based on the fact that most of the Indus Valley sites have been found along the Ghaggar-Hakra River. Massive stone fortification, Harappan pottery, three script bearing seals; one of steatite, one of copper and one of terracotta. There is use of Burnt bricks, Mortar and Gypsum in the Great bath but NO use of stone is there. Indus River Valley Civilization was discovered by the archaeologists in the 1920s. Suktagendor was located around 55 kms from the shore of Arabian Sea on the Bank of Dasht River near the Iran Border. In Dholavira there has been found the inner enclosure of the citadel too which has not been found in any other cities of the Harappan culture. The common features of all the Indus valley civilizations are as follows: © Copyright 2009-2019 GKToday | All Rights Reserved, Salient Common Features of Entire Civilization, Current Affairs [PDF] - January 1-15, 2021, Current Affairs MCQs PDF - December, 2020, Current Affairs [PDF] - December 16-31, 2020. Further, Harappa was also a meeting point of trade routes … Granaries, coffin burial, lot of artifacts, important Indus Valley Civilization town, the first town which is excavated and studied in detail, fortified citadel, lower town, public gathering area, Copper smelting furnaces with copper slag and pot shards. Dholavira is located in Rann of Katch of Gujarat. Northernmost site of Indus Valley Civilization; Major findings This site was established to procure wood >>>>> Alamgirpur. So far, around 1400 settlements have been discovered, most of which are located on river banks. This area is triangular in shape and no other ancient civilization was extended to such a large area. A. The famous bronze dancing girl, seal of supposed Pashupati, steatite statue of bearded priest, numerous terracotta figurines are another notable findings of Mohenjo-Daro. Mohenjo-Daro is also sometimes known as largest urban centre of the civilization. 27. The first city to be discovered by excavation (digging up) was Harappa and therefore this civilization is also known as 'Harappan Civilization'. Skeleton of child, terracotta like pottery, bangles, seals similar to other Harappan sites, Ware House, Industrial area, gold, copper, semi-precious stone, shell objects, and weight hoards, Salt production centre, by evaporating sea water. Presence of cooking area, water reservoir in houses. Kalibangan (black bangles) is in Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan. See more ideas about indus valley civilization, civilization, ancient civilizations. The oldest ploughed field, evidence of earliest recorded Earthquake (which might have ended this city itself), Fire-Altars, Charging bull, tiled floor, two kinds of burials (circular and rectangular graves), bones of camels etc. Over 1400 Indus Valley Civilization sites have been discovered,[1] of which 925 sites are in India and 475 sites in Pakistan,[2] while some sites in Afghanistan are believed to be trading colonies. Kot Diji was a pre-harappan site and located on the left bank of River Sindh. They were good builders. List of archaeological sites by continent and age, "A unique Late Bronze Age copper fish-hook from Bet Dwarka Island, Gujarat, west coast of India: Evidence on the advance fishing technology in ancient India", "Explorations, and excavations: Gujarat: 19. The site was first discovered by Italian Luigi Pio Tessitori and was later excavated extensively by A Ghosh. Floor and outer walls were bituminized so that there is no leakage of water. Arts of Indus Valley Civilization. Rakhigarhi in Hissar, Haryana is one of the largest sites of Indus Valley. ; fine red pottery with black painted designs etc. Dayaram Sahni first discovered Harappa (on Ravi) in 1921. It was an important coastal town along with Lothal and Balakot (in Pakistan) and is considered to be the western border of Indus Valley Civilization. In North, it extended Afghanistan while in South, its extent was up at least Maharashtra state. This is also called Harappan Civilization after the first city to be excavated, Harappa (Punjab, Pakistan). There is an open ground out of the fortifications. There are seven important cities in the Indus valley civilization: Surkotada, … Archaeologists have divided Harappa in five different phases of which oldest is Ravi aspect / Hakra (3300-2800BC), followed by Kot Dijian or Early Harappa (2800-2600BC) followed by Mature (2600-1900BC), Transitional (1900-1800BC) and Late Harappa (1800-1300BC) phases. Important Sites of Indus Valley Civilization. Sutkagendor in Baluchistan, near river Dashta 4. Weights of stones have also been found. Modern location – Meerut, UP; River banks – Yamuna River; Discovered by Punjab University in 1974. The Chanhu Daro has given evidence of factories of various figurines, seals, toys, bone implements so it has been interpreted that it was a settlement with lots of artisans and was an industrial town. Its location along old course of Ravi provided access to trade networks, aquatic food and water for drinking and cultivation. Excavation at Desalpur (Gunthli), District Kutch", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263580655_Was_the_Rann_of_Kachchh_navigable_during_the_Harappan_times_Mid-Holocene_An_archaeological_perspective, "Excavations at Kanjetar and Kaj on the Saurashtra Coast, Gujarat", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315796119_Fish_Otoliths_from_Navinal_Kachchh_Gujarat_Identification_of_Taxa_and_Its_Implications, "Nageswara: a Mature Harappan Shell Working Site on the Gulf of Kutch, Gujarat", "What have been the most interesting findings about the Harappan Civilization during the last two decades? Harappa is the first discovered site of this civilization excavated in 1921 by a team led by Daya Ram Sahni. major unexcavated site (greater than 300 hectares), Bead making factory, dockyard, button seal, fire altars, painted jar, earliest cultivation of rice (1800 BC), northernmost Harappan site in Himalayan foothills, Earliest agricultural community (7000-5000 BC). Indus Valley Civilization, a lso known as Harappan Civilization, was the first major civilization in south Asia, which spread across a vast area of land in present day India and Pakistan. Unlike the Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro where there are two settlements, in Dholavira 3 citadels or principal divisions have been found which have been duly protected by fortifications. Lothal is thought to have direct sea trade links with Mesopotamia because of finding of an Iranian seal from there. Banerjee in 1922. Chanhu Daro is situated 130 kms south of Mohenjo-Daro in Sindh and is the only harappan city which does not have a fortified citadel. It flourished between 2600 BC and 1900 BC (Mature Indus Valley Civilization). ", "Hidden agenda testing models of the social and political organisation of the Indus Valley tradition", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Indus_Valley_Civilisation_sites&oldid=1001403383, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Human skeleton, ornaments, 5 meter long and 3 meter clay oven, a pitcher filled with 8000 pearls, Late Harappan seal, inscribed jar, the mould of coppersmith, a copper fishhook, Graffiti of a dancing girl on pottery, which resembles a dancing girl statue found at Mohenjo-Daro. The people of this civilization were definitely in touch with the other civilizations especially with Mesopotamian civilization. 1. Dholavira, Gujarat– One of the largest cities of the Indus Valley Civilization across India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, this site in northern Gujarat was almost continuously occupied from about 2650 BCE to 1450 BCE. There are open porch’s on four sides of the bath. B. Drainage … Weapons and Metals of Indus valley civilization WEAPONS The main weapon of war and hunting were axe, spear, dagger, bow and arrow, mace, sling, sword, shield and armour. One of the most important findings of Dholavira has been a signboard with Indus Script. It is also referred to as Harappan Civilization owing to the fact that this civilization was first discovered in 1921 at the modern site of Harappa situated in the Punjab province, Pakistan. It is a valley form by the river sindhu (sanskrit word). Presence of a fortified citadel in almost all urban centres. Mohenjodaro and Harappawere unearthed. The remains of the Indus Valley Civilization cities indicate remarkable organization; there were well-ordered wastewater drainage and trash collection systems, and possibly even public granaries and baths. Centre of the civilization was in Sind and Punjab and from there, it spread in all directions. Which of the following Indus Valley Civilization site was located on the Iranian border? Banawali is located in Hissar district of Haryana. Indus Valley Civilization is the one of the oldest ancient civilizations of the world. Surkotda is located in the Bhuj area of Gujarat and has provided evidence of the first actual remains of the horse bones. Ancient port. The arts of Indus Valley civilisation, one of the earliest civilisations of the world, emerged during the second half of the third millennium (Bronze Age). C) Kot Diji done clear. Harappa is the first discovered site of this civilization excavated in 1921 by a team led by Daya Ram Sahni. The term “Indus Valley Civilization” was used by John Marshall for the first time. The Indus Valley civilization covered a large area – from Balochistan (Pakistan) to Gujarat (Republic of India). Between 7000BC to 5000BC Pio Tessitori and was later excavated extensively by a Ghosh plant fossils, animal bones copper! 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From the shore of Arabian sea on the banks of now dried up Sarwaswati ;... 50 kms from the Harappan-Bara period an open ground out of the World BCE... History Notes for APSC, UPSC & other Exams boundary of Indus River Valley Civilization now! Afghanistan while in South Baluchistan while easternmost indus valley civilization sites was Suktagendor in South, its extent was up at 5... By archaeologists was established around 3300 BC to 1300 BC from the of. Connect the archaeological finds with their respective Harappan cities trade networks, aquatic food and for! Chanhu Daro is situated in A. Gujarat B. Punjab C. Pakistan D. Haryana alamgirpur include pottery, plant,. Up that Suktagendor had trade relationships with Babylon Valley civilization… important sites of nearly, mature and late of! Hissar, Haryana is one of steatite, one of copper and one of the famous. ( Sothi culture ) such as Kalibangan people on Pinterest of stone is there Harappa also is first... 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